Miata Wheel Alignment

Lucas, Prince of Darkness

PLEASE READ THIS ENTIRE PAGE before taking the specs to your alignment shop. Even better, print this page and ask the technician to discuss it with you before he starts.

A precision 4-wheel alignment is the most important suspension upgrade you can make to a Miata. Without one, you wil not get the performance your Miata can deliver. The factory "alignment" specs have entirely too much ± tolerance, and while every alignment is a compromise, the Mazda specs are biased heavily toward low tire wear on cars that are never driven hard. The large tolerance also makes the dealer's prep job less expensive.

The difference can be astonishing. Don't you want your car to behave the same way turning right as it does turning left? If performance doesn't impress you, how about safety? Fortunately, aligning a Miata properly is not difficult for a skilled technician, and is relatively cheap for the benefits gained.

Miq's alignment specs
I started with a Miq alignment, but I soon realized it wasn't aggressive enough for my driving style. I varied one parameter at a time until I got the balance I wanted. I don't like toe out, and I think street tires need more negative camber to work properly at comfortable, everyday pressures.

An alternative view
Here are my 1994 Miata's current alignment specs:

Rear
  Toe: 1/32 inch (0°4.5' or 0.075°) IN per side
  Camber: -1.75 degrees
 
Front
  Camber: -1.2 degrees
  Caster: 5.0 degrees
  Toe: 1/32 inch IN per side

The parameters are listed in the order they should be set, starting with rear toe, which may constrain the other settings but is the single most important parameter for safe, predictable handling.

To get accurate results, the car must be aligned with the driver's seat ballasted with your weight (and your customary passenger's weight in the other seat, too, if that's how you normally drive for sport). Sitting in the car is one way to ballast, if the shop allows it. If you don't ballast, you won't get a precision alignment, since some values may change up to half a degree or 1/4 inch, depending on your weight.

These specs work for me, with my modest suspension mods, and have proven to be a good starting point for many Miata owners. However, every car is a little different, as are the needs of their drivers, so don't be afraid to experiment.

A history of my alignments
The first settings that worked well for me used camber of -1.0° front, -1.5° rear. The result was very lively, tending toward oversteer in fast sweepers and requiring a fair amount of attention to maintain a straight line on the highway - not darty, but sensitive to the smallest input. It was fun, but kept me busy.

Next time, I set the camber to -1.0° front, -1.75° rear. The car was calmer and a little less lively, exhibited less trailing-throttle oversteer, and didn't quite want to stay rotated under full throttle. In short, it understeered slightly. Some drivers will prefer such a 0.75° rear camber bias, which is easier to drive and requires less attention, but isn't as tossable.

I decided I didn't like any understeer at all, so I increased the front camber to -1.2°. The extra camber improved grip, and the balance is now quite neutral. Tire wear remains even across the tread, and the rears no longer wear twice as fast as the fronts. The car responds well to very-aggressive driving, yet remains forgiving, assuming I don't lift abruptly in a hard corner. A neutral Miata will oversteer on a trailing throttle!

Match the alignment to your needs
My personal alignment goals:

These goals were met, although the car still tends to follow road camber by drifting very gently toward the shoulder if there's much crown. Your goals may differ, but keep these points in mind:

Where can you get a precision alignment?
Ideally, look for a shop that maintains road racing cars. A computerized rack is not necessary, but a skilled, creative mechanic is. He should start by asking your personal goals and your weight (or offer to let you sit in the car on the rack). If you get an argument instead, keep shopping. A good shop may charge you up to $150, or even more in difficult cases. This is reasonable for the rewards you'll get. Some Miatas are harder and take longer to align than others, and an honest shop is entitled to charge more for spending the extra time. You won't be sorry.

An alert technician may notice that the suspension bolts have become stretched after several alignment procedures, and want to sell you new ones. He's not ripping you off: they do stretch, new bolt/nut sets are cheap, and will help ensure that the alignment won't slip the next time you hit a pothole. The latest bolts last a lot longer, too.
 
What about my NB? What if my Miata is lowered and has 17-inch wheels? Why do my wheels look like / \?
According to reports from owners of 1999-and-later Miatas, these specs work just as well on the NB. A lowered Miata may have constraints on the minimum attainable camber, since lowering itself induces negative camber, but the above specs are still a good target; do the best you can. Wheel size has no effect. These specs will work on any NA or NB Miata. / \ is how they're supposed to look.